Africa Global News Publication
2018 marked the 30th anniversary of World Aids Day that is celebrated on the first day of December every year. While South Africa is on track as far as their testing and treatment targets are concerned, there is an increased concerned about the effect of HIV ARVs on the environment. A number of research studies, including a three-year Water Research Commission (WRC) project entitled Project K5/2594 which is being conducted by the University of the North West is examining the presence and implications of ARVs in the water resources of the country.
How are the ARVs getting into the water?
Preliminary analysis of South Africa’s drinking water has found an array of personal hygiene products and pharmaceuticals such as illegal drugs, artificial sweeteners, antidepressants, antibiotics, and ARVs in the water. There are numerous ways that these antiretroviral drugs can make their way into the water. The improper disposal of expired and unused drugs has always been a problem in the country while many patients simply flush their unused medication down the toilet. It is, furthermore, impossible for the human body to effectually absorb all components of the ARVs, resulting in some parts being flushed out of the body through urine and feces which end up in the water treatment works across the country. Although it would be expected that the water is adequately purified at these treatment plants, not all plants are, unfortunately, able to effectively manage drug waste through either improper disposal or human excretion.
Is the presence of ARVs in drinking water dangerous to humans?
Although numerous studies worldwide have confirmed the presence of pharmaceuticals in drinking water, the exact effect it has on the human body remains uncertain. It is important to note, though, that despite the lack of evidence, the possible health impact of compromised water quality cannot be ignored. One possible effect of the continuous consumption of drinking water is possible drug resistance experienced by individuals living with HIV and AIDS who are not receiving treatment.
Protecting yourself against contaminated water
The easiest way to protect yourself against contaminated water is to refrain from drinking water from rivers, dams, and streams. While this is easy enough to do in urban regions, it is significantly more difficult in rural areas where clean running water is not readily available. When visiting areas where water quality may be compromised it is best to bring your own along in a clean, BPA-free bottle. You can, alternatively, also boil water prior to drinking or treat it with one of a range of effervescent tablets available on the market specifically designed to purify water for drinking purposes.
Water is undoubtedly our most valuable resource and one we simply cannot live without. Unfortunately, it has, however, become necessary to be vigilant when it comes to ensuring water is safe for drinking. By taking the necessary precautions to limit exposure to contaminated water you can significantly reduce the prevalent health risks associated with it.
By Jacqueline Knowles
Africa Global News Publication
