Djembe: History and sound
When it comes to membranophone instruments in Africa, the djembe is considered among the most versatile ones. This skin-covered drum that is tuned by a rope can release a wide range of sounds and tones. With its sound intensity and volume, the djembe can dominate a large ensemble of percussion. Its sound can be heard very clearly and accurately over other instruments.
Where did it come from?
The djembe is believed to have originated from West Africa and have been associated mostly with the Mandinka caste of blacksmiths. The name djembe, when translated from the Bambara language, means “gather peace.” The Bamana people living in Mali say that the name of the instrument was based in the saying “anke dje, anke be,” meaning “everyone gather together in peace.”
The djembe dates back to the Mali Empire in 1230 AD. It was first used in parts of Mali, Guinea, Senegal, Burkina Faso and Cote d’Ivoire.
How is it played?
To become an excellent djembe player, one must know the proper striking technique and position. The instrument has three basic sounds, which are bass, tone, and slap. These sounds release low, medium, and high pitches. A skilled djembe player develops the ability to mix the sounds and produce intricate and complex rhythmic patterns. To an untrained ear, different pitched sounds that a single djembe can create may seem like they are coming from several drums. Expert djembe players can produce up to 25 additional sounds but they are often used only as special effects.
Tuning a djembe is necessary to ensure that it sounds good. In order to tune it properly, twists in tightened verticals must be created. Additionally, the row of twisted verticals can serve as a decoration for the instrument.
What materials is it made of?
Djembers are made of hardwood. It is important that the log used is hard and dense for better sound quality. Lenke is the most commonly used wood to create a djembe because of the quality sound it produces, as well as its spiritual qualities. Once a wood is chosen and prepared for djembe, a shell will then be carved into it.
Animal skin is also used as a material for a djembe. Goat skin is the most popular but skin of cow, kangaroo, antelope, and horse can also be used. The thickness of the skin used can greatly affect the sound of the djembe.
Rope is another important material. Nowadays, synthetic ropes are used commonly to produce modern djembes. Many djembes are made in kermantle ropes that are 4 to 5 millimetres in diameter.
By Titus Kivite
